Panama City astrocartography

What Panama City’s position does to a reading

Astrocartography is geometry before it is anything else, so where a city sits changes how it behaves. These are facts about Panama City rather than about you — they hold whoever is reading.

How close is close, here

Distances here are measured as real ground: one degree of orb is 111 km, the same width everywhere on earth. Panama City sits close enough to the equator that a degree of longitude is also about 110 km, so our figures and those of older software that measures overhead lines in longitude will agree closely.

Every line can reach this latitude

A rising or setting line is a horizon curve, and it exists only where the body actually crosses the horizon. At 8.98°N that means a body within 81.0° of the celestial equator. All ten bodies stay inside that, so every one of the forty lines can pass through Panama City’s latitude. Nothing here is ruled out by geometry — only by your own chart.

The same geometry, in daylight

The equation behind a rising line is the equation behind sunrise, so you can watch it work. At the summer solstice Panama City gets about 12 hours 31 minutes of daylight, and at the winter solstice about 11 hours 29 minutes. The further a place sits from the equator, the steeper that swing — and the more slanted its horizon lines run.

The clock against the sun

Overhead and underfoot lines are meridians — they depend on longitude, not on what a clock happens to show. Panama City’s clocks run 18 minutes ahead of its own sun on standard time, so the instant a planet actually crosses this meridian is not the instant local midday suggests. Any planet standing overhead here has its opposite line running down the far meridian at 100.5°E, half a world away.